> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://cortex-docs.paloaltonetworks.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://cortex-docs.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex-xdr-3.x/cortex-xdr-3.x-documentation/cortex-xdr-xql/functions/last_value.md).

# last\_value

**Syntax**

```programlisting
windowcomp last_value(<field>) [by <field> [,<field>,...]] sort [asc|desc] <field1> [, [asc|desc] <field2>,...] [between 0|null|<number>|-<number> [and 0|null|<number>|-<number>] [frame_type=range]] [as <alias>]
```

**Description**

The `last_value()` function is a navigation function that is used in combination with a [windowcomp](/cortex-xdr-3.x/cortex-xdr-3.x-documentation/cortex-xdr-xql/stages/windowcomp.md) stage. This function is used to return a single value of a field for the last row of each row in the group of rows in the current window frame, for all records that contain matching values for the fields identified using a combination of the `by` clause, `sort` (mandatory), and `between` window frame clause.

**Example**

Return the last IP address a user authenticated from successfully.

```programlisting
preset = authentication_story
| filter auth_identity not in (null, """""") and auth_outcome = """SUCCESS""" and action_country != UNKNOWN
| alter et = to_epoch(_time), t = _time
| bin t span = 1d
| limit 100
| windowcomp last_value(action_local_ip) by auth_identity, t sort asc et between null and null as first_action_local_ip
| fields auth_identity , *action_local_ip
```


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